This book, based on lectures presented in courses on algebraic geometry taught by the author at Purdue University, is intended for engineers and scientists (especially computer scientists), as well as graduate students and advanced undergraduates in mathematics. In addition to providing a concrete or algorithmic approach to algebraic geometry, the author also attempts to motivate and explain its link to more modern algebraic geometry based on abstract algebra.The book covers various topics in the theory of algebraic curves and surfaces, such as rational and polynomial parametrization, functions and differentials on a curve, branches and valuations, and resolution of singularities. The emphasis is on presenting heuristic ideas and suggestive arguments rather than formal proofs. Readers will gain new insight into the subject of algebraic geometry in a way that should increase appreciation of modern treatments of the subject, as well as enhance its utility in applications in science and industry.
This book presents a readable and accessible introductory course in algebraic geometry, with most of the fundamental classical results presented with complete proofs. An emphasis is placed on developing connections between geometric and algebraic aspects of the theory. Differences between the theory in characteristic and positive characteristic are emphasized. The basic tools of classical and modern algebraic geometry are introduced, including varieties, schemes, singularities, sheaves, sheaf cohomology, and intersection theory. Basic classical results on curves and surfaces are proved. More advanced topics such as ramification theory, Zariski's main theorem, and Bertini's theorems for general linear systems are presented, with proofs, in the final chapters. With more than 200 exercises, the book is an excellent resource for teaching and learning introductory algebraic geometry.
This ACM volume deals with tackling problems that can be represented by data structures which are essentially matrices with polynomial entries, mediated by the disciplines of commutative algebra and algebraic geometry. The discoveries stem from an interdisciplinary branch of research which has been growing steadily over the past decade. The author covers a wide range, from showing how to obtain deep heuristics in a computation of a ring, a module or a morphism, to developing means of solving nonlinear systems of equations - highlighting the use of advanced techniques to bring down the cost of computation. Although intended for advanced students and researchers with interests both in algebra and computation, many parts may be read by anyone with a basic abstract algebra course.
This volume is a well structured overview of existing computational approaches to Riemann surfaces as well as those under development. It covers the software tools currently available and provides solutions to partial differential equations and surface theory.
Consider a rational projective curve $\mathcal{C}$ of degree $d$ over an algebraically closed field $\pmb k$. There are $n$ homogeneous forms $g_{1},\dots, g_{n}$ of degree $d$ in $B=\pmb k[x, y]$ which parameterize $\mathcal{C}$ in a birational, base point free, manner. The authors study the singularities of $\mathcal{C}$ by studying a Hilbert-Burch matrix $\varphi$ for the row vector $[g_{1},\dots, g_{n}]$. In the General Lemma'' the authors use the generalized row ideals of $\varphi$ to identify the singular points on $\mathcal{C}$, their multiplicities, the number of branches at each singular point, and the multiplicity of each branch. Let $p$ be a singular point on the parameterized planar curve $\mathcal{C}$ which corresponds to a generalized zero of $\varphi$. In the `'triple Lemma'' the authors give a matrix $\varphi'$ whose maximal minors parameterize the closure, in $\mathbb{P}^{2}$, of the blow-up at $p$ of $\mathcal{C}$ in a neighborhood of $p$. The authors apply the General Lemma to $\varphi'$ in order to learn about the singularities of $\mathcal{C}$ in the first neighborhood of $p$. If $\mathcal{C}$ has even degree $d=2c$ and the multiplicity of $\mathcal{C}$ at $p$ is equal to $c$, then he applies the Triple Lemma again to learn about the singularities of $\mathcal{C}$ in the second neighborhood of $p$. Consider rational plane curves $\mathcal{C}$ of even degree $d=2c$. The authors classify curves according to the configuration of multiplicity $c$ singularities on or infinitely near $\mathcal{C}$. There are $7$ possible configurations of such singularities. They classify the Hilbert-Burch matrix which corresponds to each configuration. The study of multiplicity $c$ singularities on, or infinitely near, a fixed rational plane curve $\mathcal{C}$ of degree $2c$ is equivalent to the study of the scheme of generalized zeros of the fixed balanced Hilbert-Burch matrix $\varphi$ for a parameterization of $\mathcal{C}$.
This book provides an accessible and self-contained introduction to the theory of algebraic curves over a finite field, a subject that has been of fundamental importance to mathematics for many years and that has essential applications in areas such as finite geometry, number theory, error-correcting codes, and cryptology. Unlike other books, this one emphasizes the algebraic geometry rather than the function field approach to algebraic curves. The authors begin by developing the general theory of curves over any field, highlighting peculiarities occurring for positive characteristic and requiring of the reader only basic knowledge of algebra and geometry. The special properties that a curve over a finite field can have are then discussed. The geometrical theory of linear series is used to find estimates for the number of rational points on a curve, following the theory of Stöhr and Voloch. The approach of Hasse and Weil via zeta functions is explained, and then attention turns to more advanced results: a state-of-the-art introduction to maximal curves over finite fields is provided; a comprehensive account is given of the automorphism group of a curve; and some applications to coding theory and finite geometry are described. The book includes many examples and exercises. It is an indispensable resource for researchers and the ideal textbook for graduate students.
This volume consists of articles based on lectures delivered at an International Colloquium held at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay. Experts from all over the world spoke at the Conference on different aspects of geometry and analysis. Topics include: impact of geometry on the boundary solutions of a semilinear Neumann problem with critical nonlinearity; algebraic representations of reductive groups over local fields; scalar conservation laws with boundary condition; and the Borel-Weil theorem and the Feynman path integral. 1. Fundamental group of the Affine Line in Positive Characteristic, S.S. Abhyankar 2. Impact of geometry on the boundary on the positive solutions of a semilinear Neumann problem with Critical nonlinearity, Adimurthi 3. Sur a cohomologie de certains espaces de modules de fibres fectoriels, A. Beauville 4. Some quantum analogues of solvable Lie groups, C. De Concini et al 5. Compact complex manifolds whose tangent bundles satisfy numerical effectivity properties, J.-P. Demailly 6. Algebraic Representations of Reductive Groups over Local Fields, W.J. Haboush 7. Poncelet Polygons and the Painleve Equations, N.J. Hitchin 8. Scalar conservation laws with boundary condition, K.T. Joseph 9. Bases for Quantum Demazure modules-I, V. Lakshmibai 10. An Appendix to Basesfor Quantum Demazurew modules-I 11. Moduli Spaces of Abelian Surfaces with Isogeny, Ch. Birkenhake and H. Lange 12. Instantons and Parabolic Sheaves, M. Maruyama 13. Numerically effective line bundles which are not ample, V.B. Mehta and S. Subramanian 14. Moduli of logarithmic connections, N. Nitsure 15. The Borel-Weil theorem and the Feyman path integral, K. Okamoto 16. Geometric super-rigidity, Y.-T. Siu
Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
This book is based on a lecture course that I gave at the University of Regensburg. The purpose of these lectures was to explain the role of Kähler differential forms in ring theory, to prepare the road for their application in algebraic geometry, and to lead up to some research problems. The text discusses almost exclusively local questions and is therefore written in the language of commutative alge bra. The translation into the language of algebraic geometry is easy for the reader who is familiar with sheaf theory and the theory of schemes. The principal goals of the monograph are: To display the information contained in the algebra of Kähler differential forms (de Rham algebra) of a commutative algebra, to int- duce and discuss "differential invariants" of algebras, and to prove theorems about algebras with "differential methods". The most important object we study is the module of Kähler differentials n~/R of an algebra SIR. Like the differentials of analysis, differential modules "linearize" problems, i.e. reduce questions about algebras (non-linear problems) to questions of linear algebra. We are mainly interested in algebras of finite type.
Wenn Sie programmieren können, beherrschen Sie bereits Techniken, um aus Daten Wissen zu extrahieren. Diese kompakte Einführung in die Statistik zeigt Ihnen, wie Sie rechnergestützt, anstatt auf mathematischem Weg Datenanalysen mit Python durchführen können. Praktischer Programmier-Workshop statt grauer Theorie: Das Buch führt Sie anhand eines durchgängigen Fallbeispiels durch eine vollständige Datenanalyse -- von der Datensammlung über die Berechnung statistischer Kennwerte und Identifikation von Mustern bis hin zum Testen statistischer Hypothesen. Gleichzeitig werden Sie mit statistischen Verteilungen, den Regeln der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten und vielen anderen Arbeitstechniken und Konzepten vertraut gemacht. Statistik-Konzepte zum Ausprobieren: Entwickeln Sie über das Schreiben und Testen von Code ein Verständnis für die Grundlagen von Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und Statistik: Überprüfen Sie das Verhalten statistischer Merkmale durch Zufallsexperimente, zum Beispiel indem Sie Stichproben aus unterschiedlichen Verteilungen ziehen. Nutzen Sie Simulationen, um Konzepte zu verstehen, die auf mathematischem Weg nur schwer zugänglich sind. Lernen Sie etwas über Themen, die in Einführungen üblicherweise nicht vermittelt werden, beispielsweise über die Bayessche Schätzung. Nutzen Sie Python zur Bereinigung und Aufbereitung von Rohdaten aus nahezu beliebigen Quellen. Beantworten Sie mit den Mitteln der Inferenzstatistik Fragestellungen zu realen Daten.